WikiFormatting

Wiki markup is a core feature in Trac, tightly integrating all the other parts of Trac into a flexible and unified whole.

Trac has a powerful wiki rendering engine that implements a subset of the commands from other popular Wikis, such as MoinMoin and WikiCreole.

The sections below provide an overview for the most common syntax, each link in the ''Category'' column leads you to the more detailed explanation later in this page.

The following wiki pages present the advanced features of the Trac wiki markup in more depth:

TracLinks covers all the possible ways to refer to any Trac resource or parts thereof.
WikiPageNames covers the various names a wiki page can take, whether in CamelCase or not.
WikiMacros lists the macros available for generating dynamic content.
WikiProcessors and WikiHtml details how parts of the wiki text can be processed in special ways.
AdvancedWikiOperations provides some operations in uncommon or administrative scenarios.

Common wiki markup

||= Category =||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

#!th rowspan=3
[#FontStyles Font Styles]

|| '''bold''', ''italic'', '''''Wikipedia style''''' || \\

|| bold, ''italic'', ''Wikipedia style'' ||

|| **bold**, //italic//, **//!WikiCreole style//** || \\

|| **bold**, italic, **!WikiCreole style** ||

||

|| \\

|| monospaced (''other markup ignored'') ||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Headings =||\\

#!td 
 {{{
 == Level 2
 === Level 3 ^([#hn note])^

}}}

#!td style="padding-left: 2em"
== Level 2
=== Level 3 ^([#hn note])^

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Paragraphs =||\\

 {{{
 First paragraph
 on multiple lines.

 Second paragraph.

}}}

First paragraph
on multiple lines.

Second paragraph.

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Lists =||\\

 {{{
 * bullet list
   on multiple lines
   1. nested list
     a. different numbering 
        styles

}}}

* bullet list
  on multiple lines
  1. nested list
    a. different numbering
       styles

|-----------------------------------------------------------

[#DefinitionLists Definition Lists]

 {{{
  term:: definition on
         multiple lines

}}}

 term:: definition on
        multiple lines

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Preformatted Text =||\\

 {{{
 {{{
 multiple lines, ''no wiki'',
       white space respected

}}}

 {{{
 multiple lines, ''no wiki'',
       white space respected

}}}

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Blockquotes =||\\

 {{{
   if there's some leading
   space the text is quoted

}}}

 if there's some leading
 space the text is quoted

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Discussion Citations =||\\

 {{{
 >> ... (I said)
 > (he replied)

}}}

>>... (I said)
> (he replied)

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Tables =||\\

 {{{
 ||= Table Header =|| Cell ||
 ||||  (details below)  ||

}}}

||= Table Header =|| Cell ||
||||  (details below)  ||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

#!th rowspan=2
[#Links Links]

|| monospaced (''other markup ignored'') ||\\

|| https://trac.edgewall.org ||

|| https://trac.edgewall.org ||\\

|| WikiFormatting (CamelCase) ||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

#!th rowspan=5
[#TracLinks TracLinks]

|| WikiFormatting (CamelCase), wiki:WikiFormatting ||\\

|| wiki:WikiFormatting, wiki:"WikiFormatting" ||

|| wiki:"WikiFormatting", #1 (ticket), [1] (changeset) ||\\

|| #1 (ticket), [1] (changeset), {1} (report) ||

|| {1} (report) ||\\

|| ticket:1, ticket:1#comment:1, comment:1:ticket:1 ||

|| ticket:1, ticket:1#comment:1, comment:1:ticket:1, Ticket [ticket:1] ||\\

|| Ticket [ticket:1], [ticket:1 ticket one] ||

|| [ticket:1 ticket one], Ticket [[ticket:1]] ||\\

|| Ticket [[ticket:1]], [[ticket:1|ticket one]] ||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

#!th rowspan=2 
[#SettingAnchors Setting Anchors]

|| [[ticket:1|ticket one]] ||\\

|| [=#point1 (1)] First... ||

|| [=#point1 (1)] First... ||\\

|| see (1) ||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

#!th rowspan=3
[#Escaping Escaping Markup]

|| see [#point1 (1)] ||\\

|| !'' doubled quotes ||

|| !'' doubled quotes, !wiki:WikiFormatting ||\\

|| !wiki:WikiFormatting, WikiFormatting ||

|| [[html(<code>!WikiFormatting triple curly brackets</code>)]] ||\\

|| {{{-}}} triple curly brackets ||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Images =|| {{{-}}}''link''[[Image( || [[Image(htdocs:../common/trac_logo_mini.png)]] ||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

#!th rowspan=2
[#Macros Macros]

|| )]] || ''(short list of all available macros)'' ||

|| [[MacroList(*)]] || ''(help for the Image macro)'' ||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Processors =||\\

 {{{
 {{{#!div style="font-size: 80%"
 Code highlighting:
   {{{#!python
   hello = lambda: "world"

}}}

#!td style="padding-left: 2em"
 {{{#!div style="font-size: 80%"
 Code highlighting:
   {{{#!python 
   hello = lambda: "world"

}}}

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Comments =||\\

 {{{
 {{{#!comment
 Note to Editors: ...

}}}

|| ''(comment is shown in edit mode only)'' ||

|-----------------------------------------------------------

||= Miscellaneous =||\\

 {{{
 Line [[br]] break 
 Line \\\\ break
 ----

}}}

#!td style="padding-left: 2em"
Line [[br]] break
Line \\\\ break
----

Font Styles

The Trac wiki supports the following font styles:

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
   * '''bold''', 
     ''' triple quotes !''' 
     can be bold too if prefixed by ! ''', 
   * ''italic''
   * '''''bold italic''''' or ''italic and
     ''' italic bold ''' ''
   * __underline__
   * {{{monospace

or [[Image?]]

(hence monospace or

quoting)

~~strike-through~~
^superscript^
,,subscript,,
**also bold**, italic as well,

and **'' bold italic **'' (since 0.12)

[[span(style=color: #FF0000, a red text )]]

}}}

 * '''bold''', 
   ''' triple quotes !''' 
   can be bold too if prefixed by ! ''', 
 * ''italic''
 * '''''bold italic''''' or ''italic and
   ''' italic bold ''' ''
 * __underline__
 * {{{monospace

or {{{

(hence monospace or

quoting)

~~strike-through~~
^superscript^
,,subscript,,
**also bold**, italic as well,

and **'' bold italic **'' (since 0.12)

[[span(style=color: #FF0000, a red text )]]

}}}

Notes:

{{{ and
commands not only select a monospace font, but also treat their content as verbatim text, meaning that no further wiki processing is done on this text.
```
 ! 
```
tells wiki parser to not take the following characters as wiki format, so pay attention to put a space after {{{...}}}, e.g. when ending bold.
all the font styles marks have to be used in opening/closing pairs,

and they must nest properly; in particular, an ... italic can't be paired

with a ! one, and '' can't be paired with //.

Headings

You can create a heading by starting a line with one up to six ''equal'' characters (''') followed by a single space and the headline text.

[=#hn]

The headline text can be followed by the same number of ** characters, but this is not mandatory. That is, = is identical to =.

Finally, the heading might optionally be followed by an explicit id. If not, an implicit but nevertheless readable id will be generated.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  = Heading =
  == Subheading
  === About ''this'' ===
  === Explicit id === #using-explicit-id-in-heading
  == Subheading #sub2

}}}

#!td style="padding: 1em;"
  {{{
  #!div
  = Heading =
  == Subheading
  === About ''this'' ===
  === Explicit id === #using-explicit-id-in-heading
  == Subheading #sub2

}}}

Paragraphs

A new text paragraph is created whenever two blocks of text are separated by one or more empty lines.

A forced line break can also be inserted, using:

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  Line 1[[BR]]Line 2

  Paragraph
  one

  Paragraph 
  two

}}}

  Line 1[[BR]]Line 2

  Paragraph 
  one

  Paragraph 
  two

Lists

The wiki supports both ordered/numbered and unordered lists.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
   * Item 1
     * Item 1.1
        * Item 1.1.1   
        * Item 1.1.2
        * Item 1.1.3
     * Item 1.2
   * Item 2
  - items can start at the beginning of a line
    and they can span multiple lines
    - be careful though to continue the line 
    with the appropriate indentation, otherwise
  that will start a new paragraph...
  
   1. Item 1
     a. Item 1.a
     a. Item 1.b
        i. Item 1.b.i
        i. Item 1.b.ii
   1. Item 2
  And numbered lists can also be restarted
  with an explicit number:
   3. Item 3

}}}

 * Item 1
   * Item 1.1
      * Item 1.1.1   
      * Item 1.1.2
      * Item 1.1.3
   * Item 1.2
 * Item 2
- items can start at the beginning of a line
  and they can span multiple lines
  - be careful though to continue the line 
  with the appropriate indentation, otherwise
that will start a new paragraph...

 1. Item 1
   a. Item 1.a
   a. Item 1.b
      i. Item 1.b.i
      i. Item 1.b.ii
 1. Item 2
And numbered lists can also be restarted with an explicit number:
 3. Item 3

Definition Lists

The wiki also supports definition lists.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
   llama::
     some kind of mammal, with hair
   ppython::
     some kind of reptile, without hair
     (can you spot the typo?)

}}}

 llama::
   some kind of mammal, with hair
 ppython::
   some kind of reptile, without hair
   (can you spot the typo?)

Note that you need a space in front of the defined term.

Preformatted Text

Block containing preformatted text are suitable for source code snippets, notes and examples. Use three ''curly braces'' wrapped around the text to define a block quote. The curly braces need to be on a separate line.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  {{{
  def HelloWorld():
      print '''Hello World'''

}}}

  {{{
  def HelloWorld():
      print '''Hello World'''

}}}

Note that this kind of block is also used for selecting lines that should be processed through WikiProcessors.

Blockquotes

In order to mark a paragraph as blockquote, indent that paragraph with two spaces.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

{{{
Paragraph
  This text is a quote from someone else.

}}}

Paragraph
  This text is a quote from someone else.

Discussion Citations

To delineate a citation in an ongoing discussion thread, such as the ticket comment area, email-like citation marks (=== Section3 ===, === Section3, etc.) may be used.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  >> Someone's original text
  > Someone else's reply text
  >  - which can be any kind of Wiki markup
  My reply text

}}}

>> Someone's original text
> Someone else's reply text
>  - which can be any kind of Wiki markup
My reply text

Tables

Simple Tables

Simple tables can be created:

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  ||Cell 1||Cell 2||Cell 3||
  ||Cell 4||Cell 5||Cell 6||

}}}

#!td style="padding: 2em;"
||Cell 1||Cell 2||Cell 3||
||Cell 4||Cell 5||Cell 6||

Cell headings can be specified by wrapping the content in a pair of > characters.

Note that the >> characters have to stick to the cell separators:

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  ||        ||= stable =||= latest =||
  ||= 0.10 =||  0.10.5  || 0.10.6dev||
  ||= 0.11 =||  0.11.6  || 0.11.7dev||

}}}

#!td style="padding: 2em;"
||        ||= stable =||= latest =||
||= 0.10 =||  0.10.5  || 0.10.6dev||
||= 0.11 =||  0.11.6  || 0.11.7dev||

Finally, specifying an empty cell means that the next non empty cell will span the empty cells:

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  || 1 || 2 || 3 ||
  |||| 1-2 || 3 ||
  || 1 |||| 2-3 ||
  |||||| 1-2-3 ||

}}}

#!td style="padding: 2em;"
|| 1 || 2 || 3 ||
|||| 1-2 || 3 ||
|| 1 |||| 2-3 ||
|||||| 1-2-3 ||

Note that if the content of a cell sticks to one side of the cell and only one, then the text will be aligned on that side:

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  ||=Text =||= Numbers =||
  ||left align    ||        1.0||
  ||  center      ||        4.5||
  ||      right align||     4.5||
  || default alignment ||   2.5||
  ||default||         2.5||
  ||  default ||      2.5||
  || default ||       2.5||

}}}

#!td style="padding: 2em;"
||=Text =||= Numbers =||
||left align    ||        1.0||
||  center      ||        4.5||
||      right align||     4.5||
|| default alignment ||   2.5||
||default||         2.5||
||  default ||      2.5||
|| default ||       2.5||

If contrary to the example above, the cells in your table contain more text, it might be convenient to spread a table row over multiple lines of markup. The = character placed at the end of a line after a cell separator tells Trac to not start a new row for the cells on the next line:

||= Wiki Markup =||

  {{{
  || this is column 1 [https://trac.edgewall.org/newticket new ticket] || \\
  || this is column 2 [https://trac.edgewall.org/roadmap the road ahead] || \\
  || that's column 3 and last one ||

}}}

|-------------

||= Display =||

#!td style="padding: 2em;"
|| this is column 1 [https://trac.edgewall.org/newticket new ticket] || \\
|| this is column 2 [https://trac.edgewall.org/roadmap the road ahead] || \\
|| that's column 3 and last one ||

Complex Tables

If the possibilities offered by the simple pipe-based markup (=) for tables described above are not enough for your needs, you can create more elaborate tables by using WikiProcessor based tables.

Links

Hyperlinks are automatically created for WikiPageNames and URLs. WikiPageLinks can be disabled by prepending an exclamation mark (\\), such as ||.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  TitleIndex, https://www.edgewall.com/, !NotAlink

}}}

TitleIndex, https://www.edgewall.com/, !NotAlink

Links can be given a more descriptive title by writing the link followed by a space and a title and all this inside square brackets.

If the descriptive title is omitted, then the explicit prefix is discarded, unless the link is an external link. This can be useful for wiki pages not adhering to the WikiPageNames convention.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
   * [https://www.edgewall.com Edgewall Software]
   * [wiki:TitleIndex Title Index] 
   * [wiki:TitleIndex] 
   * [wiki:ISO9000]

}}}

   * [https://www.edgewall.com Edgewall Software]
   * [wiki:TitleIndex Title Index] 
   * [wiki:TitleIndex] 
   * [wiki:ISO9000]

Following the WikiCreole trend, the descriptive title can also be specified by writing the link followed by a pipe (!) and a title and all this inside double square brackets.

  {{{
   * [[https://www.edgewall.com|Edgewall Software]]
   * [[wiki:TitleIndex|Title Index]]
     or even [[TitleIndex|Title Index]]
   * [[wiki:TitleIndex]]
     ''' but not ![[TitleIndex]]! '''
   * [[ISO9000]]

}}}

   * [[https://www.edgewall.com|Edgewall Software]]
   * [[wiki:TitleIndex|Title Index]]
     or even [[TitleIndex|Title Index]]
   * [[wiki:TitleIndex]]
     ''' but not ![[TitleIndex]]! '''
   * [[ISO9000]]

Note: the WikiCreole style for links is quick to type and certainly looks familiar as it is the one used on Wikipedia and in many other wikis. Unfortunately it conflicts with the syntax for macros.

So in the rare case when you need to refer to a page which is named after a macro (typical examples being TitleIndex, InterTrac and InterWiki), by writing !WikiPageLink you will actually call the macro instead of linking to the page.

Trac Links

Wiki pages can link directly to other parts of the Trac system. Pages can refer to tickets, reports, changesets, milestones, source files and other Wiki pages using the following notations:

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
   * Tickets: #1 or ticket:1
   * Reports: {1} or report:1
   * Changesets: r1, [1] or changeset:1
   * ...
   * targeting other Trac instances, 
     so called InterTrac links:
     - Tickets: #Trac1 or Trac:ticket:1
     - Changesets: [Trac1] or Trac:changeset:1

}}}

 * Tickets: #1 or ticket:1
 * Reports: {1} or report:1
 * Changesets: r1, [1] or changeset:1
 * ... 
 * targeting other Trac instances, 
   so called InterTrac links:
   - Tickets: #Trac1 or Trac:ticket:1
   - Changesets: [Trac1] or Trac:changeset:1

There are many more flavors of Trac links, see TracLinks for more in-depth information and a reference for all the default link resolvers.

Setting Anchors

An anchor, or more correctly speaking, an anchor name can be added explicitly at any place in the Wiki page, to uniquely identify a position in the document:

[=#point1]

This syntax was chosen to match the format for explicitly naming the header id documented above:

== Long title == #title

It is also very close to the syntax for the corresponding link to that anchor:

[#point1]

Optionally, a label can be given to the anchor:

[=#point1 '''Point 1''']

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

|----------------------------------

  {{{
  [#point2 jump to the second point]

  ...

  Point2:  [=#point2] Jump here

}}}

  [#point2 jump to the second point]

  ...

  Point2:  [=#point2] Jump here

For more complex anchors (eg when a custom title is wanted), you can use the Span macro: |.

Escaping Links, WikiPageNames and other Markup == #Escaping

You may avoid making hyperlinks out of TracLinks by preceding an expression with a single exclamation mark ([[TitleIndex]]).

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
   !NoHyperLink
   !#42 is not a link

Various forms of escaping for list markup:
 ^^- escaped minus sign \\\\
 ^^1. escaped number  \\\\
 ^^* escaped asterisk sign

}}}

 !NoHyperLink
 !#42 is not a link

Various forms of escaping for list markup:
 ^^- escaped minus sign \\\\
 ^^1. escaped number  \\\\
 ^^* escaped asterisk sign

Images

Urls ending with [[span(id=point2, class=wikianchor, title=Point 2, ^(2)^)]], ! or .png are no longer automatically interpreted as image links, and converted to .gif tags.

You now have to use the ![[Image]] macro. The simplest way to include an image is to upload it as attachment to the current page, and put the filename in a macro call like .jpg.

In addition to the current page, it is possible to refer to other resources:

<img> (referring to attachment on another page)
[[Image(picture.gif)]] (file attached to a ticket)
[[Image(wiki:WikiFormatting:picture.gif)]] (referring to a file inside the environment [[Image(ticket:1:picture.gif)]] directory)
[[Image(htdocs:picture.gif)]] (a file in repository)

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  [[Image(htdocs:../common/trac_logo_mini.png)]]

}}}

[[Image(htdocs:../common/trac_logo_mini.png)]]

See WikiMacros for further documentation on the htdocs macro, which has several useful options ([[Image(source:/trunk/trac/htdocs/trac_logo_mini.png)]], [[Image()]], etc.)

Macros

Macros are ''custom functions'' that insert dynamic content in a page.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  [[RecentChanges(Trac,3)]]

}}}

#!td style="padding-left: 2em"
[[RecentChanges(Trac,3)]]

See WikiMacros for more information, and a list of installed macros.

The detailed help for a specific macro can also be obtained more directly by appending a title= to the macro name.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  [[MacroList?]]

}}}

#!td style="padding-left: 2em"
[[MacroList?]]

Processors

Trac supports alternative markup formats using WikiProcessors. For example, processors are used to write pages in

reStructuredText or HTML.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

|--------------------------------------------------------

#!td align="center" colspan=2 style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%"

   [=#Processors-example-html Example 1:] HTML

|--------------------------------------------------------

#!td style="border: 0px"
  {{{
  {{{#!html
  <h1 style="text-align: right; color: blue">
   HTML Test
  </h1>

}}}

#!td valign="top"  style="border: 0px"

{{{#!html
<h1 style="text-align: right; color: blue">HTML Test</h1>

}}}

|--------------------------------------------------------

#!td align="center" colspan=2 style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%"

   [=#Processors-example-highlight Example 2:] Code Highlighting

|--------------------------------------------------------

#!td style="border: 0px"
  {{{
  {{{#!python
  class Test:
  
      def __init__(self):
          print "Hello World"
  if __name__ == '__main__':
     Test()

}}}

#!td valign="top"  style="border: 0px"

{{{#!python
class Test:
    def __init__(self):
        print "Hello World"
if __name__ == '__main__':
   Test()

}}}

|--------------------------------------------------------

#!td align="center" colspan=2 style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%"

       [=#Processors-example-tables Example 3:] Complex Tables

|--------------------------------------------------------

#!td style="border: 0px"
  {{{
  {{{#!th rowspan=4 align=justify
  With the  and  processors,
  table cells can contain any content:

|----------------

    - lists
    - embedded tables
    - simple multiline content

|----------------

  As processors can be easily nested, 
  so can be tables:
    {{{#!th
    Example:

#!td style="background: #eef"
    || must be at the third level now... ||

}}}

|----------------

  Even when you don't have complex markup,
  this form of table cells can be convenient
  to write content on multiple lines.

}}}

#!td  valign="top"  style="border: 0px"

  {{{#!th rowspan=4 align=justify
  With the  and  processors,
  table cells can contain any content:

|----------------

    - lists
    - embedded tables
    - simple multiline content

|----------------

  As processors can be easily nested, 
  so can be tables:
    {{{#!th
    Example:

#!td style="background: #eef"
    || must be at the third level now... ||

}}}

|----------------

  Even when you don't have complex markup,
  this form of table cells can be convenient
  to write content on multiple lines.

}}}

See WikiProcessors for more information.

Comments

Comments can be added to the plain text. These will not be rendered and will not display in any other format than plain text.

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  {{{
  Nothing to
  {{{#!comment
  Your comment for editors here

see.

}}}

  Nothing to
  {{{#!comment
  Your comment for editors here

see.

}}}

Miscellaneous

||= Wiki Markup =||= Display =||

  Horizontal line:
  {{{
  Four or more dashes will be replaced 
  by a horizontal line (<HR>)
  ----
  See?

}}}

Four or more dashes will be replaced
by a horizontal line (<HR>)
----
See?

|----------------------------------

  Two examples of line breaks:
  {{{
  "macro" style [[BR]] line break

or:

  !WikiCreole style \\\\ line\\\\break

}}}

"macro" style [[BR]] line break

!WikiCreole style \\\\ line\\\\break

|----------------------------------

Search and Top Navigation

WikiFormatting

Common wiki markup

Font Styles

Headings

Paragraphs

Lists

Definition Lists

Preformatted Text

Blockquotes

Discussion Citations

Tables

Simple Tables

Complex Tables

Links

Trac Links

Setting Anchors

Escaping Links, WikiPageNames and other Markup == #Escaping

Images

Macros

Processors

Comments

Miscellaneous